Introduction: What do you know about GMO food? In the contemporary world, a growing number of people are concerned about genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Despite GMOs having been around for a while, the safety of these organisms remains a contentious issue. The findings from numerous studies conducted by scientists from various countries are conflicting. Although GMO food has advantages, some experts express concerns that it can undermine human health and adversely affect the environment. 

 

Body paragraph 1 (Pro 1): One of the primary concerns surrounding the consumption of GMOs, also called Genetically Modified Foods (GMFs), is the perceived risk of allergic reactions and cancer. While GMFs involve the transfer of genetic material between organisms, it's essential to clarify that the presence of foreign DNA in GMFs does not inherently lead to allergic reactions. The potential for allergenicity is typically assessed by examining the specific proteins produced by GMOs, not the DNA itself. Rigorous assessments during regulatory approval focus on these proteins. Allergic reactions can occur upon the first exposure, with severity varying among individuals. Concerns about a potential link between GMFs and cancer have been raised by some researchers, suggesting that introducing new genes may contribute to gene mutations associated with diseases, including cancer. However, the American Cancer Society (ACS) states that, as of their 2022 update, there is currently no evidence supporting a direct connection between GMO consumption and cancer development. The ACS emphasizes that the absence of evidence of harm doesn't imply definitive evidence of safety and stresses the need for ongoing research to either validate concerns or dismiss them. It is crucial to rely on continued scientific inquiry to inform our understanding of the relationship between GMFs and health outcomes. 

 

Body paragraph 2 (Pro 2):  Furthermore, the cultivation of Genetically Modified Organisms  has been associated with a myriad of potential ecological and agricultural challenges. The introduction of GM (Genetically Modified) potatoes in Russian conditions, for example, is viewed with considerable risk. In the United States, regulations aimed at mitigating the emergence of highly resistant Colorado potato beetle races recommend three simultaneous conditions: annual field rotation, yearly variation of potato varieties, and the preservation of wild vegetation islands within each potato field to encourage natural enemies of the beetle. However, the feasibility of meeting all these conditions in Russian settings is considered impractical. Moreover, the American practice of immediate potato processing plays a pivotal role in alleviating concerns about the low shelf life of GM potatoes. A significant portion of the harvest is promptly utilized, reducing the likelihood of storage-related issues. In stark contrast, the widespread adoption of GM potatoes in Russia could potentially lead to the proliferation of highly resistant Colorado potato beetle populations and a substantial increase in potato losses during storage. The issue of potential harm to the environment from GMOs is approached with utmost caution through meticulous control measures. Prior to introducing a new plant variety, comprehensive assessments are conducted over several years to evaluate its impact on the environment. This thorough scrutiny aims to ensure that any potential risks or ecological consequences associated with the introduction of the genetically modified plant are identified and mitigated before widespread cultivation or release into the environment. This proactive approach is crucial in making well-informed decisions and minimizing the potential adverse effects of GMOs on the natural ecosystem. In essence, navigating the landscape of GMOs requires a delicate balance between innovation and environmental responsibility. While the benefits of genetic modification are evident, careful consideration and adaptation of practices to local conditions are paramount to address the unique challenges that may arise in different agricultural settings.  

 

Body Paragraph 3 (Con): 

While proponents of genetically modified foods (GMFs) argue that they exhibit enhanced tolerance to extreme climates and diseases, and are generally more cost-effective than their non-GMF counterparts, the potential risks to human health and the environment cannot be ignored. Despite the allure of addressing poverty-related famine, the lack of clarity surrounding the potential threats poses a considerable risk. As highlighted in Barrell's article (2020), concerns about negative impacts, including allergic reactions, cancer, antibacterial resistance, loss of biodiversity, outcrossing, and effects on the food chain, persist. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to definitively establish the harm or safety of GMFs on both human health and the environment. However, exercising caution by refraining from the consumption of GMFs is prudent until further experiments emerge to validate their safety. 

 

Conclusion: 

The ongoing uncertainty surrounding genetically modified foods necessitates continued scientific inquiry to ensure their safety for human consumption. The persistent research efforts stem from the awareness that a slight oversight or error in GMFs could lead to global chaos, with humans and the environment bearing the brunt of negative impacts. Despite the tempting benefits of lower prices, improved appearance, and enhanced nutrition, refraining from the consumption of GMFs is advisable until scientists can comprehensively understand and mitigate all potential effects. Until then, making an informed choice and erring on the side of caution remains crucial in safeguarding the well-being of both individuals and the environment. 

  

References 

[Try to cite at least 2 outside sources.] 

Gorchakova,  Antipova, (2007). Genetically modified organisms. Veterinary pathology, (p. 2). 

https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/geneticheski-modifitsirovannye-organizmy.pdf  

 Barrell, A. (2020, April 9). Pros and cons of GMO Foods: Health and Environment. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324576